2022 A.D.E. SINCE TIME BEGAN Caveat : Forward Thinking Statement : ICG LTD & ASSOCIATES IN BUSINESS SINCE 1960 : Informed Consent Doctrine : Caveat IN TRUTH WE TRUST 2022 A.D.E.
SINCE 1613 YEARS
FINAL POINT: At the start of the 17th century, the Iroquois Mohawk and the Mahican territory abutted in what is now known as the mid-Hudson Valley. Soon after Henry Hudson's 1609 exploration of what is now known as the Hudson River and its estuary, traders from the United Provinces of the Netherlands set up factorijs (trading posts) to engage in the fur trade, exploiting for extractive purposes the trade networks that had existed for millennia. The Dutch traded with the indigenous populations to supply fur pelts particularly from beaver, which were abundant in the region. By 1614, the New Netherland Company was established and Fort Nassau was built, setting the stage for the development of the colony of New Netherland
- NEW NETHERLANDS COMPANY " Following Henry Hudson’s exploration of the east coast of North America on behalf of the Dutch East India Company in 1609, several Dutch merchants sent ships to trade with the Native Americans (mainly fur) and to search for the Northwest Passage. In order to maximize their profits these merchants decided to form the New Netherland Company and on October 11, 1614 they successfully petitioned the Estates-General for a charter of trading privileges. The charter granted a monopoly of trade between the 40th and 45th parallel for a period of three years, starting on January 1, 1615.[1] In 1618 the Company's charter wasn't renewed because negotiations for the formation of the Dutch West India Company were well advanced. After 1618 New Netherland was open to all traders, but the majority of trade was still conducted by the founders of the New Netherland Company until the establishment of the Dutch West India Company in 1621
- In 1602, the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands chartered a young and eager Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or "VOC") with the mission of exploring North America's Rivers and Bays for a direct passage through to the Indies. Along the way, Dutch explorers were charged to claim any uncharted areas for the United Provinces, which led to several significant expeditions and, over time, Dutch explorers founded the province of New Netherland. By 1610, the VOC had already commissioned English explorer Henry Hudson who, in an attempt to find the Northwest Passage to the Indies, discovered and claimed for the VOC parts of the present-day United States and Canada. Hudson entered the Upper New York Bay by sailboat, heading up the Hudson River, which now bears his name.
- The Two Row Wampum Treaty, also known as Guswenta or Kaswentha and as the Tawagonshi Agreement of 1613 or the Tawagonshi Treaty, is a mutual treaty agreement, made in 1613 between representatives of the Five Nations of the Haudenosaunee (or Iroquois) and representatives of the Dutch government in what is now upstate New York.[1] The agreement is considered by the Haudenosaunee to be the basis of all of their subsequent treaties with European and North American governments, and the citizens of those nations, including the Covenant Chain treaty with the British in 1677 and the Treaty of Canandaigua with the United States in 1794.
- The Dutch West India Company (Dutch: Geoctrooieerde Westindische Compagnie, or GWC; Dutch pronunciation: [
ɣəʔɔktroːˈjeːrdə ʋɛstˈɪndisə kɔmpɑˈɲi]; English: Chartered West India Company) was a chartered company of Dutch merchants as well as foreign investors. Among its founders was Willem Usselincx (1567–1647) and Jessé de Forest (1576–1624).[1] On 3 June 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the Dutch West Indies by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over Dutch participation in the Atlantic slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America. - THE GWC Was The Party That SIGNED That 1613 AGREEMENT
- THE NEW EUNIN GWC Could SIGN A TRADE TREATY WITH ROCKY MOUNTAIN CREE & GREAT TURTLE ISLAND FEDERATION & 50 MILLION INDIGENOUS (CSSP) PEOPLES OF TURTLE ISLAND NORTH
· In 1617 a freshet damaged the
fort to such an extent that it was abandoned and rebuilt on more secure ground
at the mouth of the
Normans Kill (called the Tawasentha by
the natives) with the Hudson River. This new fortification was built by Eelkens
on a prominence called Tawass-gunshee by
the natives. Once the new fort was completed, the Dutch completed their first
treaty with natives of North America
· TAWASS-GUNSHEE : The proper
Hodinohson:ni name for the Two Row Wampum is Teioháte (Two Paths/Roads in
Mohawk Language) Kaswenta (Wampum Belt); Other say it is called Tekani
teyothata’tye kaswenta; or Aterihwihsón:sera Kaswénta (Cayuga).
· We do know that the
place named Tawagonshi in that document was also referenced by William
Beauchamp as a site, two miles from Albany near the Noordtman’s Kill (Normans
Kill, and was called Tawassagunshee or Tawassgunshee. (William M. Beauchamp,
Aboriginal Place Names I of New York, New York State Museum Bulletin 108
(Albany: New York State Education Department, 1907), p.24. 6) We also know that
one of the men mentioned in the Van Loon document, Jacques Elekens (also
referred to as Jacob Eelckens, Jaques Elckens, Jacob Elkins, Jacob Eelkes and James
Elkins), was stationed at Castle Island in 1613 by Van Tweenhuysen Company,
which was to later receive an exclusive charter to operate in the Albany
region. He became the commander of Fort Nassau by 1614 and the governor of the
settlement the following year
· Based upon the
reading of the Two Row Wampum, the first encounter between the Ögwë’ö:weh
(Original People, represented by the Mohawks) and the Skaghneghtadaronni
(Dutch) is described as the beginning of the treaty relationship. We believe
that that the first encounter at this location took place in 1613. The Two Row
Wampum Belt, which perhaps came soon after, includes the summary of the first
encounter events. 9) While the Dutch claimed trading jurisdiction over the
territory between the Connecticut and the Delaware Rivers, which they called
Nie Undenerland (New Netherlands), we also know that the Dutch wanted to create
linkages with Native Nations to foster their world-wide trading empire. Some
kind of agreement in principle was required. Company directors were given the
authority to make treaties or alliances with Native trading partners. The Dutch
applied the principle of reciprocity with their Native trading partners and it
was a mutually beneficial relationship.
· What began in 1613 was soon
formalized in a series of treaties. Joel Munsell, in The Annals of Albany, vol.
1, Second edition, Albany, 1869, writes of a Five Nations-Dutch treaty council
in April of 1618 at Tawassgunshee, and hill at Normans kill were the Dutch
erected a new fort. This was to formalize the relationship spoken of in the Two
Row Wampum. James Grant Wilson, wrote in The memorial history of the City of
New-York (v.1), ([New York]:New York History Co., 1892-93.), that at that
treaty, the Dutch and the Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) held a long wampum belt
between them, and that representatives of neighboring Native Nations had to
stand so that the wampum rested upon their shoulders.
· O’Callahan
wrote that the above treaty followed the end of the exclusive license enjoyed
by the New Netherland Company three years previous, and the moving for the
trading fort to Tawassgunshee. (citing Albany Record, xxiv, 167). He mentions
the ‘belt of peace’ held by the trading partners at that time, along with the
burying of a hatchet and smoking of the calumet. (E.B. O'Callaghan, M.D.,
History of the Netherland; or New York Under the Dutch. Vol. 1, Second
Addition, New York, 1845, p 78-80) 13) A notebook of treaty minutes was
discovered about 30 years ago containing references to later treaty negotiations
(see #12 & 13 below) that appear to acknowledge that the Hodinohson:ni made
a trade agreement with Elekens. Daniel K. Richter, who found the notebook,
suggests that Jacob Eelckens, the elusive "Jacques" mentioned in
Hodinohson:ni oral tradition, could have been the negotiator. We believe that
this is true. (Daniel K. Richter, "Rediscovered Links in the Covenant
Chain: Previously Unpublished Transcripts of New York Indian Treaty Minutes,
1677-1691,"
· The words of the
Two Row Wampum Belt speak of the first encounter as When they
joined together each other’s arms. This lining of arms was the foundation for
the later Covenant Chain. It means both the handshake that offered to confirm
each section of the first agreement, but also is a metaphor from the Kanianerenko:wa
(Great Law/Great Goodness) hen the founding chiefs linked their arms together
in a shown of solidarity and to represent their united strength when they came
to one mind to perpetuate peace. Therefore, any treaty agreement was thought to
convey this same underlying principle.
· Oral History on the Two Row Wampum Belt (based upon Cayuga Chief Jacob Thomas reading, recorded by Michael Foster, Canadian Museum of Civilization, May 2007): a. There was not much “love” between the settlers and the Natives in the beginning of first contact. b. The parties began to talk about forming a friendship. c. The Creator did not intend that we would live in discord, and we should respect one another instead. d. They came to one mind to make a legal agreements (meaning words on paper and words in wampum belts) so that all descendants will know what was agreed upon. e. They agreed on the symbols of their new relationship: i. First, they would have friendship and love as the Creator intended. ii. In this way they would have peace. iii. This will be symbolised by the Earth, the Creator’s creation, and its happenings (as long as the Earth lasts, so too will the agreement.) iv. Second, we’ll take each other by the hand (take a hold of each other’s arm). f. They agreed to call each other ‘brother,’ because brothers cannot control each other. They are equals. g. They sealed their friendship by smoking sacred tobacco, so that the Creator will then bear witness to our agreement. h. They agreed to solidify their agreements with a three-link chain: i. First link stands for friendship. ii. Second link stands for our both having good minds iii. Third link means there will always be peace. i. Principles of the agreement: i. They both have their own authority (strength/power), and do not have jurisdiction over each other. ii. They have their respective beliefs, from the same Creator. iii. They have their respective laws. j. Term of the Agreement – They agreed it will last as long as: i. The Sun always makes it bright on earth. ii. The Waters flow in a certain direction. iii. The Wild Grasses grow at a certain time of year. k. They placed their two vessels (onake = canoe & honwey = boat, in Mohawk) in the water, lined them up evenly and set them on parallel courses, for the people to follow: i. Inside each they put their respective beliefs and laws. l. The Ögwë’ö:weh said: “We will make a wampum belt of that likeness of two paths so people will know what we will go by.” m. “People who get into your boat will be guided by it. Your people who will get into the canoe will be guided by the ways of the canoe.” n. Someone who has a foot in each boat might fall into the water and no power on earth can help them. o. From time to time, they will meet to polish off the dust that has settled in the agreements and thereby renew their relationship and the agreements we have made. p. “We will appear the way we did when we first met.” (meaning, wearing distinctive clothing) q. “All of our people shall always know of it (the agreements). And there will be peace in the days to come.”
2021 A.D.E. SINCE TIME BEGAN Caveat : Forward Thinking Statement : ICG LTD & ASSOCIATES IN BUSINESS SINCE 1960 : Informed Consent Doctrine : Caveat IN TRUTH WE TRUST 2021 A.D.E.
